الاستراتيجية المغربية للهيدروجين الأخضر: نموذج إقليمي للانتقال الطاقي في شمال إفريقيا
الملخص
فكرة البحث: تقدم هذه الدراسة تحليلًا للإستراتيجية المغربية في مجال الهيدروجين الأخضر، مبرزة التناقض الجوهري للسياسة المغربية. فمن جهة، تسعى الدولة لجذب المزيد من الاستثمارات لكونها المحرك الأساسي لمسار هذه الاستراتيجية الطموحة، ومن جهة أخرى يترتب عليها الحفاظ على السيادة الطاقية والاقتصادية للمملكة.
الهدف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على الكيفية التي تشكلت بها الأطر القانونية والاستراتيجية بشكل يخدم بالدرجة الأولى انفتاح المغرب على الأسواق العالمية كمصدر أساسي للطاقة الخضراء، مع تراجع التركيز على النهوض بسوق محلية سيادية طاقية، كما يأخذ بعين الاعتبار مختلف الفرص على المستوى الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والبيئي والتكنولوجي التي تميل نحو تعزيز المصالح الأجنبية، فيما يستفيد المغرب محققًا تقدما محدودًا في مؤشرات البطالة والطاقة النظيفة والتدفقات الاستثمارية، وتطوير المُعِدَّات التكنولوجية.
المنهجية: اعتمدت المنهجية على المقاربة النوعية والكمية معا استنادًا إلى دراسة الأطر القانونية والرسمية وبيانات الاستثمار.
النتائج: إن الاستراتيجية الحالية ساهمت بشكل كبير في تسهيل ولوج الاستثمارات الأجنبية مما يقود إلى إعادة أنماط التبعية من خلال تحويل المغرب إلى منصة لاستخراج شتى الموارد الخضراء لخدمة المصالح الأجنبية، مع محدودية قدرتها على تشييد قواعد صناعية وطنية متكاملة، وتحقيق سيادة طاقية فعلية.
الخلاصة: الهيدروجين الأخضر فرصة استراتيجية هامة للمغرب على الرغْم من التحديات الهيكلية. كما يظل تحقيق هذا الطموح مرهون بتحول جذري يرسخ لنموذج سيادي عادل قائم على الموازنة بين الاندماج في الاقتصاد العالمي مع الحفاظ على المصلحة الوطنية بدلا من الخضوع لنموذج تبعي استخراجي يستغل ثروات البلاد، مما سيؤدي إلى وضع معيار جديد في الاقتصادات العالمية الناشئة تمكن الدول النامية من الاستفادة من ثرواتها ليس فقط لخدمة السوق الوطنية، بل أيضًا لبناء اقتصاد طاقي قوي ومبتكر ذو رؤية مستقبلية.
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